Which condition is characterized by a lack of insulin production?

The correct answer, Diabetes Mellitus, is characterized by a lack of insulin production or a resistance to insulin, which is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the body does not produce sufficient insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels and requires the administration of insulin or other treatments to manage blood sugar.

In contrast, the other conditions listed do not involve a lack of insulin production. For example, hypothyroidism relates to insufficient production of thyroid hormones, impacting metabolism and energy levels. Hyperthyroidism is an overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to increased metabolic activity. Cushing's Disease is caused by excess cortisol production, which is unrelated to insulin and primarily affects stress response and metabolism. Understanding the specific hormones involved in each condition highlights why Diabetes Mellitus is the only choice that directly relates to a lack of insulin.