What is the process called that makes an individual immune to infection, typically by inoculation?

The process that makes an individual immune to infection through inoculation is best described as vaccination. Vaccination involves the introduction of a harmless component of a pathogen (such as proteins or inactivated forms of the virus/bacteria) into the body. This stimulates the immune system to recognize and remember the pathogen, resulting in the development of immunity.

While "immunize" refers generally to the process of making someone immune, it does not specifically describe the method of inoculation that is central to vaccination. In contrast, "inoculation" is a broader term that can refer to the introduction of any substance into the body to provoke an immune response but does not specifically denote the use of a vaccine. "Quarantine" involves isolating individuals to prevent the spread of infection, which does not relate to building immunity. Thus, vaccination is the precise term for the process being described in terms of immunity via inoculation.