What branch of science deals with the nature, effects, and detection of poisons?

Toxicology is the branch of science that focuses specifically on the study of poisons, their nature, effects on living organisms, and methods for detecting them. This field encompasses understanding how toxic substances affect biological systems, which is crucial for veterinary practice. It helps veterinarians assess poisoning cases, determine the appropriate treatments, and advise on preventive measures.

Pharmacology, while related as it deals with drugs and their effects, does not specialize in poisons or their detection. Biochemistry studies the chemical processes within living organisms but does not specifically address toxins. Microbiology examines microorganisms and their effects, which may indirectly relate to toxicology through pathogenic organisms, but it does not focus on poisons in the same way. Therefore, toxicology is the correct choice for addressing the nature, effects, and detection of poisons.